Health & Wellness > Dairy Proteins (Whey & Milk)

Dairy Protein Research

Stay current by checking out the body of science behind the health benefits of dairy proteins:

  • Dairy protein researchRecently Published
  • Protein Energy Intake
  • Weight Management/Body Composition
  • Muscle Synthesis
  • Aging/Sarcopenia
  • Literature Reviews

Recently Published

Arentson-Lantz EJ, Galvan E, Ellison J, Wacher A, Paddon-Jones D. Improving Dietary Protein Quality Reduces the Negative Effects of Physical Inactivity on Body Composition and Muscle Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 Jan 28.

Rigo J, Schoen S, Verghote M, van Overmeire B, Marion W, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, Alliet P. Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Formulae with Reduced Protein Content Support Adequate Infant Growth and Are Well Tolerated: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial in Healthy Term Infants. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 19;11(7). pii: E1654.

Nabuco HCG, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Sugihara Junior P et al. Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Aug;32:88-95.

Liberman K, Njemini R, Luiking Y, Forti LN et al. Thirteen weeks of supplementation of vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation in sarcopenic older adults: the PROVIDE study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun;31(6):845-854.

Kang L, Gao Y, Liu X, Liang Y et al. Effects of whey protein nutritional supplement on muscle function among community-dwelling frail older people: A multicenter study in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Jul - Aug;83:7-12.

Oikawa SY, McGlory C, D'Souza LK, Morgan AK, Saddler NI, Baker SK, Parise G, Phillips SM. A randomized controlled trial of the impact of protein supplementation on leg lean mass and integrated muscle protein synthesis during inactivity and energy restriction in older persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;108(5):1060-1068.

McAdam JS, McGinnis KD, Beck DT, Haun CT et al. Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 6;10(9). pii: E1248.

Taylor DA, Gorissen SFH, Phillips SM. Perspective: Protein requirements and optimal intakes in aging: Are we ready to recommend more than the recommended daily allowance? Adv Nutr. 2018;9:171-182.

Bergia RE, Hudson JL, Campbell WW. Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(7):539-551. 

Mori H, Tokuda, Y. Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18:1398-1404.

Park Y, Choi J, Hwang H. Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and physical performance in undernourished prefrail and frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108:1026-1033.

Mathai, JK. Liu Y, Stein HH. Values for digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for some dairy and plant proteins may better describe protein quality than values calculated when using the concept for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS). Br J Nutr. 2017:117:490-499.

Protein Energy Intake

James LJ, Mattin L, Aldiss P, Adebishi R, Hobson RM. Effect of whey protein isolate on rehydration after exercise. Amino Acids. 2014;46(5):1217-24.

Alghannam, A. Carbohydrate-protein ingestion improves subsequent running capacity towards the end of a football-specific intermittent exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Oct;36(5):748-57.

Pennings B, Koopman R, Beelen M, et al. Exercising before protein intake allows for greater use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for de novo muscle protein synthesis in both young and elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:322-331.

Fox EA, McDaniel JL, Breitbach AP, Weiss EP. Perceived protein needs and measured protein intake in collegiate male athletes: an observational study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011;8:9.

Pennings B, Boirie Y, Senden J, et al. Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):997-1005.

Staples AW, Burd NA, West DW, et al. Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced protein accretion versus protein alone. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1154-61.

Weight Management / Body Composition

McAdam JS, McGinnis KD, Beck DT, Haun CT et al. Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 6;10(9). pii: E1248.

Bergia RE, Hudson JL, Campbell WW. Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2018;76(7):539-551.

Leidy HJ, Clifton PM, Astrup A, Wycherley TP, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Woods SC, Mattes RD (2015). The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:1320S-1329S.

Miller PE, Alexander DD, Perez, V. Effects of whey protein and resistance exercise on body composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr. 2014;33(2):163-175.

Hector AJ, Marcotte GR, Churchward-Venne TA, Murphy CA, Breen L, von Allmen M, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Whey protein supplementation preserves postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis during short-term energy restriction in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr. 2015;145(2):246-52.

Volek JS, Volk BM, Gomez AL, Kunces LJ, Kupchak, BR, Freidenreich DJ, Aristizabal JC, Saenz C, Dunn- Lewis C, Ballard KD, Quann EE, Kawiecki DL, Flanagan, SD, Comstock, BA, Fragala MS, Earp, JE, Fernandez ML, Bruno RS, Ptolemy AS, Kellogg, MD, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. Whey protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(2):122-135

Josse AR, Atkinson SA, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Increased consumption of dairy foods and protein during diet-and exercise-induced weight loss promotes fat mass loss and lean mass gain in overweight and obese premenopausal women. J. Nutr. 2011;141: 1626-1634.

Mojtahedi MC, Thorpe MP, Karampinos DC, et al. The effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(11):1218-25.

Bortolotti M, Maiolo E, Corazza M, et al. Effects of a whey protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids in obese female patients. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(4):494-498.

Josse AR, Atkinson SA, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Increased consumption of dairy foods and protein during diet-and exercise-induced weight loss promotes fat mass loss and lean mass gain in overweight and obese premenopausal women. J. Nutr. 2011;141: 1626-1634.

Baer DJ, Stote KS, Paul DR, et al. Whey protein but not soy protein supplementation alters body weight and composition in free-living overweight and obese adults. J. Nutr. 2011;141(8):1489-94.

Soenen S, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Changes in body fat percentage during body weight stable conditions of increased daily protein intake vs. control. Physiol Behav. 2010;101:635-638.

Muscle Synthesis

Phillips, S. The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass. Nutr Metab. 2016;13:64.

van Vliet, S, Burd NA, van Loon LJC. The skeletal muscle anabolic response to plant-versus animal-based protein consumption. J Nutr. 2015;145(9):1981-91.

Mamerow MM, Mettler JA, English KL, Casperson SL, Arentson-Lantz E, Sheffield-Moore M, Layman DK, Paddon-Jones D. Dietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults. J Nutr. 2014. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185280 [Epub ahead of print]

Soop M, Nehra V, Henderson GC, Boirie Y, Ford GC, Nair KS. Co‐ingestion of whey protein and casein in a mixed meal-demonstration of a more sustained anabolic effect of casein. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;303(1):E152-62.

Farnfield MM, Breen L, Carey KA, Garnham A, Cameron-Smith D. Activation of motor signaling in young and old human skeletal muscle in response to combined resistance exercise and whey protein ingestion. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(1):21-30.

Churchward-Venne TA, Burd NA, Phillips SM and the EM Research Group. Nutritional regulation of muscle protein synthesis with resistance exercise: strategies to enhance anabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012;9(1):40.

Dideriksen KJ, Reitelseder S, Petersen SG, et al. Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21(6):e372-83.

Rowlands DS, Thomson JS, Timmons BW, et al. The transcriptome and translational signaling following endurance exercise in trained skeletal muscle: impact of dietary protein. Physiol Genomics. 2011;43(17):1004-20.

Burd NA, West DW, Moore DR, et al. Enhanced Amino Acid Sensitivity of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Persists for up to 24 h after Resistance Exercise in Young Men. J Nutr. 2011;141(4):568-573.

Beelen M, Zorenc A, Pennings B, et al. Impact of protein coingestion on muscle protein synthesis during continuous endurance type exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300(6):E945-54.

Breen L, Philp A, Witard OC, et al. The influence of carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion following endurance exercise on myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis. J Physiol. 2011; 589(16):4011-25.

Pasiakos SM, McClung HL, McClung JP, et al. Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation during moderate steady state exercise enhances postexercise muscle protein synthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:809-818.

Beelen M, Zorenc A, Pennings B, et al. Impact of protein coingestion on muscle protein synthesis during continuous endurance type exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300(6):E945-E954.

West DWD, Burd NA, Coffey VG, et al. Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:795-803.

Burd NA, Andrews RJ, West DW, Little JP, et al. Muscle time under tension during resistance exercise stimulates differential muscle protein sub‐fractional synthetic responses in men. J. Physiol. 2012;590(Pt 2):351-62.

Coffey G, Moore DR, Burd, NA, et al. Nutrient provision increases signaling and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle after repeated sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(7):1473-83.

Aging / Sarcopenia

Arentson-Lantz EJ, Galvan E, Ellison J, Wacher A, Paddon-Jones D. Improving Dietary Protein Quality Reduces the Negative Effects of Physical Inactivity on Body Composition and Muscle Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2019 Jan 28.

Nabuco HCG, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Sugihara Junior P et al. Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Aug;32:88-95.

Liberman K, Njemini R, Luiking Y, Forti LN et al. Thirteen weeks of supplementation of vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation in sarcopenic older adults: the PROVIDE study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun;31(6):845-854.

Kang L, Gao Y, Liu X, Liang Y et al.Effects of whey protein nutritional supplement on muscle function among community-dwelling frail older people: A multicenter study in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Jul - Aug;83:7-12.

Oikawa SY, McGlory C, D'Souza LK, Morgan AK, Saddler NI, Baker SK, Parise G, Phillips SM. A randomized controlled trial of the impact of protein supplementation on leg lean mass and integrated muscle protein synthesis during inactivity and energy restriction in older persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;108(5):1060-1068.

Mori H, Tokuda, Y. Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18:1398-1404.

Park Y, Choi J, Hwang H. Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and physical performance in undernourished prefrail and frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108:1026-1033.

Paddon-Jones D, Leidy H. Dietary protein and muscle in older persons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014; 17:5-11.

Guimarães-Ferreira L, Cholewa J, Naimo MA, et al. Synergistic effects of resistance training and protein intake: practical aspects. Nutrition. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.017

Yang Y, Breen L, Burd NA, et al. Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded intakes of whey protein in older men. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(10):1780-8.

Burd NA, Yang Y, Moore DR, Tang JE, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips, SM. Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate vs. micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(6):958-62.

Pennings B, Groen BBL, de Lange A, et al. Amino acid absorption and subsequent muscle protein accretion following graded intakes of whey protein in elderly men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;302(8):E992-9.

Casperson SL, Sheffield‐Moore M, Hewlings SJ, Paddon‐Jones D. Leucine supplementation chronically improves muscle protein synthesis in older adults consuming the RDA for protein. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(4):512-9.

Zhu K, Meng X, Kerr DA, et al. The effects of a two-year randomised controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF-I and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(9):2298-306.

Chevalier S, Goulet ED, Burgos SA, Wykes LJ, Morais JA. Protein anabolic responses to a fed steady state in healthy aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66A(6):681-688.

Yarasheski KE, Castaneda-Sceppa C, He J, et al. Whole-body and muscle protein metabolism are not affected by acute deviations from habitual protein intake in older men: the hormonal regulators of muscle and metabolism in aging (HORMA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(1):172-181.

Childhood

Rigo J, Schoen S, Verghote M, van Overmeire B, Marion W, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, Alliet P. Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Formulae with Reduced Protein Content Support Adequate Infant Growth and Are Well Tolerated: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial in Healthy Term Infants. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 19;11(7). pii: E1654.

Literature Reviews

Phillips, SM. Current concepts and unresolved questions in dietary protein requirements and supplements in adults. Front Nutr. 2017;4:13.

Calvez J, Poupin N, Chesneau C, Lassale C, Tome D. Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66(3):281-95.

Saunders MJ. Carbohydrate-protein intake and recovery from endurance exercise: is chocolate milk the answer? Curr Sports Med Rep. 2011;10(4):203-210.

Thorpe MP, Evans EM. Dietary protein and bone health: harmonizing conflicting theories. Nutr Rev. 2011;69(4):215-230.

Gilbert JA, Bendsen NT, Tremblay A, Astrup A. Effect of proteins from different sources on body composition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21:B16-31.

Anderson GM, Luhovyy B, Akhavan T, Panahi S. Milk proteins in the regulation of body weight, satiety, food intake and glycemia. Nestlè Nutrition Institute Workshop Series: Pediatric Program. 2011; 67: 47-159.

Hawley JA, Burke LM, Phillips SM, Spriet LL. Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110:834-845.

Breen L, Phillips SM. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: interventions to counteract the ‘anabolic resistance' of ageing. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011;8:68.

Calvez J, Poupin N, Chesneau C, Lassale C, Tome´ D. Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012; 66(3):281-95.